Climate Change and Ecology

Climate change, which has become one of the biggest problems faced by living things in recent years, is irreversible.

Climate change research and evaluation is one of the most important issues of international organizations. Among these organizations, the intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which is of the greatest importance, is an organization supported by the United Nations and conducts its evaluations with high technology.

2014 in the 5. The IPCC describes the Evaluation Report; main reasons, effects, adaptation, vulnerability and prevention. As a result of the report, it is revealed that the climate change reached extraordinary dimensions. In addition, it is believed that the climate, which changes between 1951 - 2010, develops as a result of anthropogenic effects with the probability of 95 - 100.

Climate Change and Ecological Effects

The climate changes resulting from the impacts of the ecological balance are expected to be shaken.

Spherical averages of ocean and land surface temperatures increased 1901-2012 between 0,9 and 1850. Thus, almost the entire surface of the earth is heated. In the process recorded since 30, the hottest thirty years in a row on a global scale has been the 800 year behind us. Paleoclimatological data support that the last 1400 year is the hottest 30 year of the last 40 year, even with the possible forecast. As a result of the use of fossil energy sources and emissions from secondary land use, 800 has increased by a percentage compared to pre-industrialization. The accumulation in the atmosphere due to the emissions of diazotmonoxide, carbon dioxide and methane gas reached the highest level in the millennium.

Significant acidification has been observed in natural water resources since the carrying capacity of the oceans, which perform carbon absorption at 30 percent, has been exceeded. The Antarctic and Greenland ice shields have lost mass, as well as the northern hemisphere and northern sea ice, where snow cover areas have shrunk. This showed that the oceans were warming up and showed that the 1971-2010 years were related to the 90 percentage of energy accumulated in the ocean. 0 to 700 m depth range is confirmed to be warmed up in the upper ocean waters before the specified date is due to low probability. All the global warming has finally been found to be greater than the all-time rise of ocean waters, which proved to have increased 1901 cm between 2010 - 19 years, compared to the last two thousand years.

Extreme climatic and weather events since 1950 have been highly changed. Thus, hot days and nights increased while cold days and nights decreased. Strong rainfall and hot air waves observed in some regions increased by 90 percent accordingly. As a matter of fact, partial land which has a decrease in strong rainfall rates is quite small compared to the mentioned land areas.

As a result of sustaining the effects of these negative conditions experienced, 2. At the end of the century, the temperature increase is expected to reach 1,5 degrees Celsius according to the best scenario or to 2 degrees Celsius according to the worst scenario.

It is estimated that climate changes and global warming, which are expected to remain heterogeneous even after 2100, will vary widely. It is expected that 2016-2013 will exhibit surface temperature changes in degrees Celsius between 0,3 and 0,7. The annual and seasonal average temperatures, which are expected to be higher in tropical and subtropical zones rather than medium latitudes, will be due to inherent internal variability.

General Observed Climate Change in Turkey

After analyzing the data obtained from sea levels, river flow rates, precipitation, temperature and snow cover levels, it has been observed that the temperature has increased gradually between 1970 - 2011 years in our country. It is determined that summer is more dominant than winter and annual average temperatures are affected more than summer. The average annual shrinkage in mountain glaciers varies between 5 and 13,6 m. This situation causes a high early shift in the peak flows of the rivers especially in the Eastern Anatolia Region. Therefore, progress in snow cover that starts to melt early varies between 7 - 10 days.