Ecological and Sustainable Design Approach

Following the invention of the steam engine, the Industrial Revolution was born. Population and migrations have increased, the need for labor has increased, industrial production has emerged. Rail transport was improved so that more steel was needed. Petroleum and its derivatives, fossil fuels, various chemicals, wood and coal have become increasingly important. In the early 1900 years, Henry Ford began manufacturing automotive assembly. In addition to advances in medicine, the world population continued to increase with all these effects. Population nutrition and so on. As a result of increasing production to meet the needs of natural resources has reached the limit of exhaustion.

Market-driven globalization has led to an exponential increase in consumption, which is highly encouraged, thus increasing the use of fossil resources and increasing the pollution and greenhouse gas values ​​in the atmosphere. Thus, damage to ecology has destroyed the effect of regeneration.

Natural balance is disturbed and ecosystems are damaged. Developing global warming and climate changes can cause glacial melting, carbon content and air temperature to rise, damaging vital activities.

Ecological Design Concept

With the recognition of the seriousness of the situation, concepts are introduced to protect ecological balances. Green design, ecological design and sustainable design become operational. A long process and effort is required for the renewal and re-functioning of ecosystems. In order to ensure stable ecosystem solutions and the use of renewable energy sources, situation analysis and practitioners, academic background and research, stable policies and ecologically sustainable design are required.

Sustainable design is the continuation of physical and economic efficiency without interruption. However, it is generally perceived as formal and equated with intelligent-energy efficient building concepts. It is irrelevant to the concept of sustainability that only the morphological aspects are dealt with outdoor decoration with green color-weighted ornaments and the attempt to correct them after destruction. Sustainable design is the result of studies conducted with economic, demographic, sociocultural and environmental realities of the region. It is aimed to minimize negative pressures and impacts on the environment.

The International Kyoto Protocol includes provisions for reducing carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emissions and is adopted by most countries.

Basic Principles of Ecological Sustainable Design

Cooperation: It includes the public, non-governmental organizations, industry, local government, government and professional structures. The effective power is the state and local governments. Sanctions require incentive arrangements, consumption shaping, investment and policy development. Non-governmental organizations and professional structures can direct the public appropriately. In the race to be environmentally friendly, most companies adopt sustainable design in their main policy and allocate funds for ecological approaches.

Regional Planning and Ecological City: Modern life is shaped by ecological principles. Local shopping centers, workplaces and residences should be planned close together. This creates a compact environment, saves energy, reduces the need for natural resources and reduces the level of carbon dioxide emissions. It is aimed to benefit from cultural and natural resources with high efficiency. The climate-compatible building topology, not building buildings in the protected areas, preventing the effect of oasis, ensuring the natural distribution of the seeds are of great importance.

Ecological Transportation Alternatives: The increase in the number of transportation channels and opportunities and the presence of environmental pollution in direct proportion remind us of the importance of mass transportation. Bicycle or pedestrian transportation alternatives should be highlighted. Consumers should be directed to biofuel, solar or electric vehicles.

Eco-Friendly Material: Polyurethane block, rubble, sandstone, fiber, wood, cork, moss, hemp, linen, clay, soil, mudbrick, paper, wool, linoleum, sponge age, brick, which allow re-use should be used. Lumber, bamboo and straw bales are the natural materials recommended for insulation.

Microgeneration: Wind turbine, small scale hydroelectric power plant, micro-combined heat and power systems, ground-based heat pump, photovoltaic solar panel, including low carbon emission energy and fuel use. Geothermal, biomass, solar and wind energy are some of the alternative energy sources. Tax exemption has been introduced for use in buildings.

Local Materials and Labor Use: Minimized resource utilization, material sustainability, extraction of raw materials, production, transportation and energy consumption, transportation, processing, and construction of all ecological features should be present.

Climate, Wind and Direction Factors: The right direction and form should be chosen for ventilation and daylight acquisition and attention should be paid to topographic features. In addition, landscape design, active / passive solar systems and natural ventilation should be provided.

Energy efficiency: It is the continuity of the systems that provide more energy with less consumption. Solar chimneys, automation and so on. Examples of smart home systems.

Evaluation of Waste Water: Rain water, garden irrigation and so on. collection or re-use of wastes.

Consumption Habits: Vehicles with low energy consumption should be directed to ecological architectural houses.